Which peptides have been studied for your goal?

• Semaglutide FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for chronic weight management (Wegovy), type 2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus), cardiovascular risk reduction, kidney protection in diabetes and MASH.

  • STEP 1: 1,961 adults with obesity or overweight and no diabetes lost 14.9% of body weight, against 2.4% on placebo, over 68 weeks. Registry record
  • Type 2 diabetes: FDA approved for type 2 diabetes as Ozempic and Rybelsus. (FDA label)
  • Heart or blood-vessel disease, including heart failure: SELECT: in 17,604 adults with cardiovascular disease and overweight, 20% fewer major cardiovascular events over a mean 39.8 months. Registry record
  • Fatty liver disease with inflammation (MASH): ESSENCE: in MASH with moderate to advanced fibrosis, liver inflammation resolved in 62.9%, against 34.3% on placebo, at 72 weeks. Registry record
  • Chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes: FLOW: in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease, 24% fewer major kidney events; the trial stopped early for benefit. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2: Its FDA label lists a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2 as a contraindication (boxed warning). Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its label advises stopping at least two months before a planned pregnancy. History of pancreatitis: Its label warns about pancreatitis. Taking insulin or a sulfonylurea for diabetes: Its label warns of low blood sugar when combined with insulin or a sulfonylurea.

• Tirzepatide FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for chronic weight management (Zepbound), type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obstructive sleep apnea with obesity.

  • SURMOUNT-1: 2,539 adults with obesity or overweight and no diabetes lost 15.0% to 20.9% of body weight, against 3.1% on placebo, over 72 weeks. Registry record
  • SURMOUNT-5: in a head-to-head trial, 20.2% weight loss against 13.7% with semaglutide. Registry record
  • Type 2 diabetes: SURPASS-2: in type 2 diabetes, HbA1c fell 2.01 to 2.30 points, against 1.86 with semaglutide 1 mg. Registry record
  • Obstructive sleep apnea: SURMOUNT-OSA: in obesity with moderate to severe sleep apnea, breathing interruptions fell by about 25 to 29 an hour, against 5 to 6 on placebo. Registry record
  • Heart or blood-vessel disease, including heart failure: SUMMIT: in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity, 38% lower risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2: Its FDA label lists a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2 as a contraindication (boxed warning). Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its label advises stopping it once pregnancy is recognized, and warns it can make birth control pills less effective. History of pancreatitis: Its label warns about pancreatitis. Taking insulin or a sulfonylurea for diabetes: Its label warns of low blood sugar when combined with insulin or a sulfonylurea.

• Cagrilintide In clinical trials, not approved

  Not approved. Studied alone and, mostly, combined with semaglutide as CagriSema; Novo Nordisk submitted a US application for the combination in December 2025 and has said it expects a decision in late 2026.

  • REDEFINE 1: cagrilintide alone, 11.5% weight loss, against 3.0% on placebo, over 68 weeks. Combined with semaglutide (CagriSema), 20.4%, against 14.9% with semaglutide alone. Registry record
  • Type 2 diabetes: REDEFINE 2 (CagriSema, the combination): in type 2 diabetes, 13.7% weight loss, against 3.4% on placebo. Registry record
  • REDEFINE 4 (company-reported, 2026): CagriSema lost less weight than tirzepatide, 20.2% against 23.6%, and did not show it was as effective (its non-inferiority goal was not met). Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2: Its trials excluded people with this history. Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its trials excluded people who were pregnant or planning a pregnancy. History of pancreatitis: Pancreatitis warnings apply through its semaglutide component.

• Retatrutide In clinical trials, not approved

  Not approved anywhere. Its Phase 3 obesity and diabetes results were published in 2026; Eli Lilly has said it plans a US submission in early 2027.

  • TRIUMPH-1 (published 2026): 17.6% to 25.0% weight loss, against 3.9% on placebo, over 80 weeks, counting everyone who started. The company's analysis, which estimates results if everyone had stayed on treatment, gives 19.0% to 28.3%, against 2.2%. Registry record
  • Type 2 diabetes: TRIUMPH-2 (published 2026): in type 2 diabetes, 11.9% to 18.8% weight loss, against 5.1% on placebo, over 80 weeks, with better blood-sugar control. Registry record
  • Type 2 diabetes: TRANSCEND-T2D-2 (company-reported, October 2026, not yet published): in type 2 diabetes, 19.5% to 20.9% weight loss, against 9.4% with semaglutide 2 mg; HbA1c fell 2.2 points, against 1.8. Registry record
  • Knee osteoarthritis: TRIUMPH-4 (company-reported): in knee osteoarthritis, up to 28.7% weight loss and knee pain scores down by up to 75.8% at 68 weeks. Registry record
  • Heart or blood-vessel disease, including heart failure: TRIUMPH-3 (company-reported): in cardiovascular disease, 21.6% to 22.6% weight loss. It was not designed to test heart events and does not establish fewer of them. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2: Its trials excluded people with this history. Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its trials excluded people who were pregnant or planning a pregnancy. History of pancreatitis: GLP-1 class warnings, including pancreatitis, are expected to apply; long-term safety data are not yet published.

Studied without clear benefit: AOD-9604 (Not FDA approved): Two obesity trials in the 2000s did not show meaningful weight loss; development for obesity stopped in 2007. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (FDA approved for a different use): A 1976 double-blind trial found no weight-loss difference from placebo, and its label says it has not been shown effective for obesity.

Frown lines between the eyebrows

• AbobotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • FDA approved for frown lines between the eyebrows (Dysport). (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site. Allergy to cow's milk protein: Its label lists cow's milk protein allergy as a contraindication.

• LetibotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • BLESS I: 47% met the combined improvement goal at week 4, against 0% on placebo. Registry record
  • BLESS II: 49% against 2% on placebo. Registry record
  • BLESS III: 65% against 0% on placebo. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

• OnabotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • FDA approved for frown lines between the eyebrows (Botox Cosmetic). (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

• PrabotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • EV-001: 67% met the combined 2-grade improvement goal at day 30, against 1% on placebo. Registry record
  • EV-002: 71% against 1% on placebo. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

Crow's feet at the corners of the eyes

• OnabotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • FDA approved for crow's feet (lateral canthal lines) as Botox Cosmetic. (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

Forehead lines

• OnabotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • FDA approved for forehead lines as Botox Cosmetic. (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

Vertical neck bands

• OnabotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • M21-309: in 408 adults with prominent neck bands, both investigators and participants rated active treatment better; approved in 2024. Registry record
  • M21-310: a second trial of 426 adults supporting the same approval. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

Skin texture, firmness, dark spots or hair

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: GHK-Cu (Not FDA approved): Human data are mostly small cosmetic studies; no registered trials are catalogued. Snap-8 (acetyl octapeptide-3) (Not FDA approved): Evidence is manufacturer data and small multi-ingredient studies. Glutathione (In clinical trials, not approved): Injectable skin-lightening use is not approved, and the FDA has warned about contaminated compounded glutathione.

Low sexual desire causing distress, in a premenopausal woman

• PT-141 (bremelanotide) FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved as Vyleesi for acquired, generalized low sexual desire in premenopausal women.

  • RECONNECT 301: desire score up 0.30 and distress down 0.37 against placebo. Registry record
  • RECONNECT 302: desire score up 0.42 and distress down 0.29 against placebo. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Uncontrolled high blood pressure or known heart disease: Its label says it is not for people with uncontrolled high blood pressure or known cardiovascular disease.

Difficulty getting or keeping an erection

Approved erectile dysfunction medicines exist but are outside this site. A provider is the right person to ask about them.

Studied without clear benefit: Melanotan II (Not FDA approved): Only a 10-man study from 1998. It is not approved, and regulators warn against it. PT-141 (bremelanotide) (FDA approved for a different use): Men were studied only in small early trials; its approval is for premenopausal women.

Something else

No compound on this site has trial results for other sexual-health concerns.

Chronic migraine (15 or more headache days a month)

• OnabotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • PREEMPT 1 (679 adults with chronic migraine), in the pooled analysis with PREEMPT 2: significantly fewer headache days than placebo at 24 weeks. Registry record
  • PREEMPT 2 met its main goal on its own. Registry record
  • FDA approved to prevent headaches in adults with chronic migraine. (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site.

• AbobotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for a different use

  Dysport is FDA approved for other uses, not for migraine. Two large migraine trials reported positive topline results in July 2026; no figures have been published. On 22 October 2026 Ipsen said regulatory submissions were under way, without naming an agency or date.

  • Chronic migraine trial (company topline, July 2026): met its main goal, fewer monthly migraine days at week 24 than placebo; no figures disclosed. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site. Allergy to cow's milk protein: Its label lists cow's milk protein allergy as a contraindication.

Episodic migraine (fewer than 15 headache days a month)

Botox is FDA approved for chronic migraine only, not episodic migraine.

• AbobotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for a different use

  Dysport is FDA approved for other uses, not for migraine. Two large migraine trials reported positive topline results in July 2026; no figures have been published. On 22 October 2026 Ipsen said regulatory submissions were under way, without naming an agency or date.

  • Episodic migraine trial (company topline, July 2026): met its main goal, fewer monthly migraine days at week 24 than placebo; no figures disclosed. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site. Allergy to cow's milk protein: Its label lists cow's milk protein allergy as a contraindication.

Muscle stiffness in an adult after a stroke or brain injury

• AbobotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • Upper-limb trial (243 adults): muscle tone improved 1.2 to 1.4 points on the Ashworth scale, against 0.3 on placebo. Registry record
  • Lower-limb trial (388 adults): ankle tone improved 0.8 points at the higher dose, against 0.5 on placebo. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site. Allergy to cow's milk protein: Its label lists cow's milk protein allergy as a contraindication.

Muscle stiffness in a child with cerebral palsy

• AbobotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • Lower-limb trial (241 children with cerebral palsy): ankle tone improved 0.9 to 1.0 points, against 0.5 on placebo. Registry record
  • Upper-limb trial (212 children): tone improved 2.0 to 2.3 points; doctors’ overall ratings did not differ significantly. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site. Allergy to cow's milk protein: Its label lists cow's milk protein allergy as a contraindication.

Involuntary neck-muscle spasms (cervical dystonia)

• AbobotulinumtoxinA FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved for this use.

  • FDA approved for cervical dystonia in adults (Dysport). (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Boxed warning on the label: effects can spread beyond the injection site. Allergy to cow's milk protein: Its label lists cow's milk protein allergy as a contraindication.

Tendon, ligament or muscle injury

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: BPC-157 (Not FDA approved): No controlled human trial has reported results; its evidence is almost entirely from rodents. A 2026 systematic review found only 3 small uncontrolled human studies (30 people) of very low certainty. One surgical trial is registered to start in 2027. TB-500 (thymosin β4 fragment) (Not FDA approved): No human trials of TB-500 itself. The related full-length thymosin beta-4 was tested for eye conditions, not injuries. BPC-157 + TB-500 (Not FDA approved): No trial has tested this combination.

Recovery after surgery

Studied without clear benefit: Ipamorelin (Not FDA approved): In bowel-surgery recovery trials, time to the first tolerated meal was not significantly shorter than placebo.

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: BPC-157 (Not FDA approved): No controlled human trial has reported results; a trial after rotator cuff repair is registered to start in 2027.

Athletic performance or muscle gain

Studied without clear benefit: Somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone) (FDA approved for a different use): An athlete trial found a small sprint gain only, lost after stopping. US law bars distributing growth hormone for uses outside its approval.

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: CJC-1295 with DAC (Not FDA approved): No performance trials; an HIV trial was stopped after a participant died. Ipamorelin (Not FDA approved): No performance trials. IGF-1 LR3 (Not FDA approved): A laboratory reagent with no human trials.

Sleep

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) (Not FDA approved): No catalogued trials; small studies in the 1980s had mixed results.

Stress or anxiety

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: Selank (Not FDA approved): Registered in Russia; no trials that meet this site’s standard are catalogued.

Memory, focus or cognitive decline

Studied without clear benefit: Semaglutide (FDA approved for a different use): EVOKE and EVOKE+ (1,855 adults with early Alzheimer’s disease) did not slow decline.

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: Semax (Not FDA approved): Registered in Russia; no trials that meet this site’s standard are catalogued.

Social connection (autism)

Studied without clear benefit: Oxytocin acetate (FDA approved for a different use): SOARS-B (290 children and teens with autism) found no difference from placebo on social withdrawal.

Studied without clear benefit: Somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone) (FDA approved for a different use): Trials in healthy older adults raised lean mass without strength gains and increased diabetes. It is not approved for ageing, and distributing it for that is illegal in the US. SS-31 (elamipretide) (FDA approved for a different use): Missed its main goals in age-related eye disease and in a muscle-disease trial.

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (Not FDA approved): Registered trials have not posted results, and a 2026 review found no eligible trial of injected NAD+ for ageing or wellness outcomes. Epithalon (epitalon) (Not FDA approved): Evidence comes from cell studies and small Russian cohort reports. MOTS-c (Not FDA approved): No confirmed trial of MOTS-c itself has been catalogued; a related analogue was tested in a small early study.

HIV with excess abdominal fat (lipodystrophy)

• Tesamorelin FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved as Egrifta to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.

  • Phase 3 trial 1: deep abdominal fat fell 15.2%, against a 5.0% rise on placebo. Registry record
  • Phase 3 trial 2: deep abdominal fat fell 10.9%, against 0.6% on placebo; the benefit was lost after stopping. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Active cancer: Its label lists active malignancy as a contraindication. Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its label lists pregnancy as a contraindication.

Growth hormone deficiency

• Somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone) FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved (several brands) for growth hormone deficiency in children and adults.

  • Approved under many brands, including Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin and Omnitrope. (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Active cancer: Its label lists active malignancy as a contraindication.

Barth syndrome

• SS-31 (elamipretide) FDA approved for this use

  FDA accelerated approval as Forzinity to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome.

  • TAZPOWER: missed its main goals in the controlled phase; walking distance improved by 95.9 m in the open-label extension. Registry record

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (painful light sensitivity)

• Melanotan I (afamelanotide) FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved as the Scenesse implant (afamelanotide) for erythropoietic protoporphyria. Unapproved products sold as "Melanotan I" are not Scenesse.

  • CUV039: median pain-free time in direct sunlight 69.4 hours, against 40.8 on placebo, over 6 months. Registry record
  • CUV029: 6.0 hours against 0.8, with fewer phototoxic reactions. Registry record

Vitamin B12 deficiency or pernicious anemia

• Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin / methylcobalamin) FDA approved for this use

  Cyanocobalamin injection is FDA approved for B12 deficiency from malabsorption, including pernicious anemia.

  • Approved as cyanocobalamin injection (generics). (FDA label)

Carnitine deficiency

• L-Carnitine (levocarnitine) FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved as Carnitor for primary and some secondary carnitine deficiencies.

  • Approved as Carnitor tablets, oral solution and injection. (FDA label)

Female infertility (ovulation induction or IVF)

• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved (Novarel, Pregnyl, Ovidrel) for ovulation induction and assisted reproduction.

  • In 297 women undergoing IVF, recombinant hCG gave a similar number of eggs to urinary hCG. Registry record

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its label says it may cause fetal harm. Active cancer: Its label lists prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent tumors as contraindications.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men

• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) FDA approved for this use

  FDA approved (Novarel, Pregnyl) for selected cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men.

  • Approved for this use on the Novarel and Pregnyl labels. (FDA label)

  Label warnings and trial exclusions: Pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding: Its label says it may cause fetal harm. Active cancer: Its label lists prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent tumors as contraindications.

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

• Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin / methylcobalamin) FDA approved for a different use

  Vitamin B12 is FDA approved for deficiency, not for ALS. The ALS trials used ultra-high-dose methylcobalamin.

  • JETALS (130 adults in Japan within a year of onset): functional decline was 1.97 points smaller than placebo at 16 weeks. Registry record
  • An earlier trial of 373 adults missed its main goals overall. Registry record

Dry age-related macular degeneration

Studied without clear benefit: SS-31 (elamipretide) (FDA approved for a different use): ReCLAIM-2 missed both main goals; a Phase 3 trial is under way.

Male infertility (low sperm count or quality)

hCG is FDA approved for one pituitary cause of low testosterone in men, not for low sperm counts in general.

Studied without clear benefit: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (FDA approved for a different use): A 2025 review of 7 trials (926 men) found higher odds of pregnancy with hCG-based treatment but concluded the evidence is not compelling. A trial comparing hCG with isotretinoin started in 2026. L-Carnitine (levocarnitine) (FDA approved for a different use): MOXI (2020): an antioxidant mixture containing L-carnitine gave no significant improvement in sperm quality, and live births were not higher than placebo.

Parkinson's disease

Studied without clear benefit: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (Not FDA approved): NOPARK (410 people, published 2026): the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside did not slow Parkinson's disease; symptom scores were slightly worse than on placebo. NAD+ itself has no trial in Parkinson's.

Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: KPV (Not FDA approved): Studied only in mouse models of colitis; no human trials. BPC-157 (Not FDA approved): Named after a gastric protein and studied in rodent gut models; no completed human trials.

Chronic hepatitis B

Approved hepatitis B antivirals exist but are outside this site.

Studied without clear benefit: Thymosin alpha-1 (thymalfasin) (Not FDA approved): Approved in China, Italy and other countries as Zadaxin for hepatitis B; not FDA approved, and no hepatitis B trial is catalogued on this site.

Vitiligo

Evidence insufficient under this site's criteria: Melanotan I (afamelanotide) (FDA approved for a different use): Evidence so far is one 2015 trial in which afamelanotide with light therapy gave more repigmentation than light alone; a Phase 3 trial (CUV105) is running, with results expected in December 2026. Not approved for vitiligo.